Submitted by:
Joyce Niko D. Perez
IV-RIZAL

Learnings of the Week (July 7, 2008- July 18, 2008 2 weeks)

For this week, we discussed the basic functions of the Windows Movie Maker. We made a movie file about the History of Computers and the Four Generations of Computers.

Windows Movie Maker is video creating/editing software bundled with the Microsoft Windows operating system since Windows Me. It contains features such as effects, transitions, titles/credits, audio track, timeline narration, and Auto Movie. New effects and transitions can be made and existing ones can be modified using XML code.

We had a hard time in doing our movie maker project. We encountered so much problems in doing our movie.

We had a difficulty in downloading video clips from the internet because the downloading software is very slow and we need to catch up with the available time given for us. The first video downloader that we used was not authenticated and not genuine that is why the videos that we downloaded from that downloader was poor in quality.

The project cannot be converted into movie file because the video clips were corrupt files that is why we sacrificed timeliness and we decided to make a new movie and redownload the videos using a different video downloader.

After, downloading the videos again from a new downloader, the project can now be converted into movie file.

This project is very memorable for us because we sacrificed being in school for a couple of days just to submit our movie and have the best and finest quality movie project. I, infact, experienced not being able to sleep for one whole night because of this project!!!!.....huhuhuhu...

Still, I and my groupmates are very happy to see our movie do well. I hope Sir Ernie will give consideration and give high ratings for our movie..!!!

Second Learnings of the Week (June 30-July 4, 2008)

Joyce Niko D. Perez IV- RIZAL

A. Significant Learnings

In this week, we discussed about the Third and Fourth Generations of computers. These two generations are very different from the "primitive" ones because during these two periods scientists and many computer wizards innovate and had come up with very great inventions. On the other hand the primitive generations are still important because without those past generations, there would be no basis for present or modern-day scientific breakthroughs.

The Third generation computers ranged from 1963 to 1974. During this period, individual transistors were replaced by integrated circuits.

In electronics, an integrated circuit (also known as IC, microcircuit, microchip, silicon chip, or chip) is a miniaturized electronic circuit (consisting mainly of semiconductor devices, as well as passive components) that has been manufactured in the surface of a thin substrate of semiconductor material.

A hybrid integrated circuit is a miniaturized electronic circuit constructed of individual semiconductor devices, as well as passive components, bonded to a substrate or circuit board.

Magnetic tape and disks completely replaced punchcards. Magnetic tape is a medium for magnetic recording generally consisting of a thin magnetizable coating on a long and narrow strip of plastic. Nearly all recording tape is of this type, whether used for recording audio or video or for computer data storage. It was originally developed in Germany, based on the concept of magnetic wire recording. Devices that record and playback audio and video using magnetic tape are generally called tape recorders and video tape recorders respectively. A device that stores computer data on magnetic tape can be called a tape drive, a tape unit, or a streamer.

Magnetic core internal memories began to give way to new form, Metal-Oxide Semiconductors.

In 1959, the integrated circuit was invented by Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments^[1] and Robert Noyce of Fairchild Semiconductor ^[2] independently around the same time. Kilby recorded his initial ideas concerning the integrated circuit in July 1958 and successfully demonstrated the first working integrated circuit on September 12, 1958.^[3] Kilby won the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physics for his part of the invention of the integrated circuit.^[4] Robert Noyce also came up with his own idea of integrated circuit, half a year later than Kilby. Noyce's chip had solved many practical problems that the microchip developed by Kilby had not. Noyce's chip, made at Fairchild, was made of silicon, whereas Kilby's chip was made of germanium.

In 1969, the ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) developed by ARPA of the United States Department of Defense, was the world's first operational packet switching network, and the predecessor of the global Internet.

Packet switching, now the dominant basis for both data and voice communication worldwide, was a new and important concept in data communications. Previously, data communication was based on the idea of circuit switching, as in the old typical telephone circuit, where a dedicated circuit is tied up for the duration of the call and communication is only possible with the single party on the other end of the circuit.

In computing, C is a general-purpose, block structured, procedural, imperative computer programming language developed in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie at the Bell Telephone LaboratoriesUnix operating system. for use with the

Although C was designed for implementing system software, it is also widely used for applications. It is widely used on a great many different software platforms and computer architectures, and several popular compilers exist.

C has greatly influenced many other popular languages, especially C++, which was originally designed as an extension to C.

The Fourth generation of computers ranged from 1979 up to the present. Intel Corporation designed the first tiny computer on a chip, it was called the microprocessor. A microprocessor incorporates most or all of the functions of a central processing unit (CPU) on a single integrated circuit (IC).The first microprocessors emerged in the early 1970s and were used for electronic calculators, using BCD arithmetics on 4-bit words. Other embedded uses of 4 and 8-bit microprocessors, such as terminals, printers, various kinds of automation etc, followed rather quickly. Affordable 8-bit microprocessors with 16-bit addressing also led to the first general purpose microcomputers in the mid-1970s.
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In 1975, Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems or MITS produced the first PC. They named the computer kit Altair 8080, after the Star Trek episode, “A Voyage to Altair”. Following the launch of the Altair 8800, William Henry Gates III, (called Bill Gates) called the creators of the new microcomputer, Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems (MITS), offering to demonstrate an implementation of the BASIC programming language for the system. After the demonstration, MITS agreed to distribute Altair BASIC. Gates left Harvard University, moved to Albuquerque, New Mexico where MITS was located, and founded Microsoft there. The company's first international office was founded on November 1, 1978, in Japan, entitled "ASCII Microsoft" (now called "Microsoft Japan"). On January 1, 1979, the company moved from Albuquerque to a new home in Bellevue, Washington. Steve Ballmer joined the company on June 11, 1980, and later succeeded Bill Gates as CEO

In April 1976, Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak founded APPLE COMPUTERS. In 1978, Visicalc is released. This is the first spreadsheet program and it made microcomputers useful to business.

In 1979, The first microcomputer word processor, Word Star, is released.

Learnings of the Week [ June 30 - July 4, 2008 ]

In this week, we discussed about the third and fourth generations of computer.

In the third generation of computers (1963-1974), I learned that individual transistors were replaced by integrated circuits. Punch cards were completely replaced by magnetic tape and disks. Magnetic core internal memories began to give-way to new form, metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS) memory, which, like IC’s used silicon-baked chips. Computers made in the third generation relied on a new technology called the integrated circuit. Jack Kilby invented the monolithic integrated circuit which is still widely used in electronic system. Robert Noyce founded the the Intel. He is one of the inventors of the integrated circuit. ARPANET ( Advanced Research Projects Agency Network ) is set-up and later becomes the Internet. The C programming language is developed at AT&T Bell Labs by Brian Kerrighan and Denris Ritche. The UNIX operating system, also written at Bell Labs is rewritten using C. This later makes UNIX one of the most portable operating systems.

In the fourth generation of computers (1979-present), I learned that the Intel Corporation designed the first tiny computer on a chip, it was called the microprocessor. Fourth generation computers relied mostly on the microprocessors. Microprocessor is an integrated circuit built on a tiny piece of silicon. Intel’s first microprocessor was the 4004. It contained 2300 transistors. One of the most common tasks in microprocessor performs is to serve as the brains in inside personal computer, but deliver intelligence to countless other devices as well. Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry System or MITS produced the first PC. They named the computer kit Altair 8080. It was special because it made the computers available to everyone. It also had a very little memory, required assembly by the owner and had to be coded by flipping switches by hand. Altair 8080 was the first easily available microcomputer. It had 256 bytes of memory and ran a version of BASIC written by Bill Gates. Bill Gates and Paul Allen founded the Microsoft. In April 1976, Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak founded Apple Computers. Apple’s widely successful PC was the Apple II personal computer. It is the first personal computer to come in a plastic case and include color graphics. In 1978, VisiCalc is released. This is the first spreadsheet program and it made microcomputers useful to business. In 1979, Word Star was released. It is the first microcomputer word processor.

Rae Angeline S. Palen IV - Rizal